| Louis William | |
|---|---|
| Margrave of Baden-Baden | |
| Spouse | Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg |
| Issue | |
| Louis George, Margrave of Baden-Baden Johanna, Duchess of Orléans Augustus George, Margrave of Baden-Baden |
|
| Father | Ferdinand Maximilian of Baden-Baden |
| Mother | Louise of Savoy |
| Born | 8 April 1655 Hôtel de Soissons, Paris, France |
| Died | 4 January 1707 (aged 51) Schloss Rastatt, Germany |
| Burial | Stiftskirche, Baden-Baden |
Louis William, Margrave of Baden (8 April 1655 – 4 January 1707) was the ruler of Baden in Germany and chief commander of the Imperial army. He was also known as Türkenlouis (Turk Louis). At his death in 1707, his wife Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg acted as regent of Baden-Baden.
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Born in Paris, Louis was a son of Prince Ferdinand Maximilian of Baden-Baden Hereditary Prince of Baden-Baden and his Italian wife Louise of Savoy. His father was the elder son of Wilhelm, Margrave of Baden-Baden, whom he pre-deceased, leaving Louis to succeed as reigning Margrave of Baden and head of the Catholic branch of the House of Zähringen.
His mother's brother was the Count of Soissons, father of the renowned general Prince Eugene of Savoy, in whose military shadow Louis would live and fight, although the cousins would also be allied in service to the Holy Roman Emperor against the French. His parents being estranged, he was kidnapped as a child from his mother's home in Paris and re-patriated to Germany, where he was raised by his paternal step-grandmother.
Louis was called the Türkenlouis or shield of the empire. The Turks called him the red king because his red uniform jacket made him very visible on the battlefield. He was a defender of Europe against the Turks, as was Eugene of Savoy. Louis was a military commander in the service of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1689 he was made chief commander of the Imperial army in Hungary, where he scored a resounding victory against the Ottomans at Slankamen in 1691. Louis saw Osijek as a location of exceptional strategic importance in the war against the Ottomans.[1] He urged the repair of the city walls, and proposed construction of a new fort called Tvrđa, according to Vauban's principles of military engineering.[1][2] Shortly afterward he was sent to head the army of the Rhine in the War of the Grand Alliance.
He later led the imperial army in the War of the Spanish Succession where he captured Landau in September 1702, but soon had to withdraw across the Rhine and was defeated by the French under the Duke of Villars at Friedlingen. In 1704 however, he participated in the successful German campaign of Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy. He distinguished himself in the Battle of Schellenberg and besieged and conquered Ingolstadt and Landau, thus drawing Bavarian troops away from the decisive Battle of Blenheim.
He died in at his unfinished Schloss Rastatt in 1707. His wife took up a regency for their son Louis George; he took over his own government in October 1727.
The Emperor gave him a young heiress to wed, Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg. They had the following children:
Ironically, for a soldier-prince who fought France most of his martial career, seventeen years after the margrave's death the only one of his daughters to survive childhood, Princess Auguste, married Louis d'Orléans, son of the infamous French Regent and, at the time of the wedding, first in the line of succession to the throne of France.
His descendant through this marriage became King Louis Philippe of the French in 1830.[3]
After the death of Louis, his widow built Schloss Favorite castle as a summer residence in memory of her husband. He was buried at the Stiftskirche in Baden-Baden.[4]
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Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Born: 8 April 1655 Died: 4 January 1707 |
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| Preceded by William |
Margrave of Baden-Baden 1677–1707 |
Succeeded by Louis George Simpert |